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Caste Census

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7/12/20242 min read

"Only what gets measured is managed". This statement by Peter Druker often known as Father of Management is truly about managing the business operation, but here it can aptly be used in the mass management of the Indian population and the resources the nation possesses.

Modern India saw its first census being carried out by the colonial power in 1881 though for their own administration needs rather than resources management for the people they were governing. Among the usual data of the census, there was a particular data which the nation still has not been able to figure out the way forward yet, the caste census. Though the census of India does publish the data for the SC and ST populations, it does not take account of the other remaining populations.

Why there is a need for caste census?

The census is very important to formulate the policies a nation needs to prosper. Without it, it will be very difficult to decide the resource allocation a district, region, or state needs to fulfill the ambitions of its people. The caste census has 4 major imperatives

  1. SOCIAL IMPERATIVE: Caste is the foundational social construct in India. The widespread use of caste and surnames and caste marks has affected our marriages, residential preferences, our choice of candidates for election, and ministers in the cabinet all have caste dictating an important role.

  2. LEGAL IMPERATIVE: The social justice policies mandated by the constitution cannot be effectively implied without caste-wise data. The representation in government through reserved electoral seats, and the benefits of reservation in public employment and education, all need a widespread caste-based census.

  3. ADMINISTRATIVE IMPERATIVE: The detailed census will help to avoid/ correct wrongful inclusion of undeserving classes and exclusion of deserving classes. It will also help to guard against the crowding out of a few dominant castes in a reserved class. What is also needed is the sub-categorization of castes within the reserved category to determine the income/ wealth criterion for the creamy layer.

  4. MORAL IMPERATIVE: The absence of a detailed census has enabled the elites among upper castes to corner a disproportionate share of the nation's assets, incomes, and position of power.

The argument against it

The multiple arguments running through by the people against it are:

  1. SOCIALLY DIVISIVE: It will create a division in society. But the society is already divisive with its 3000-year history based on class, language, and region which are as divisible as castes. Casteism will not wither away by not counting castes.

  2. ADMINISTRATIVE NIGHTMARE: The addition of caste data in the census is a tedious task.

  3. FUEL DEMAND FOR INCREASED RESERVATIONS: Various sections of society will demand reservation based on caste census. On the contrary, it will help to curb arbitrary demands of reservation by different groups and help the government to have just dialogues and debate their claims.

The way forward

The government should enlist sociological/anthropological experts to draw up a draft list of castes specific to the states.

The government should also invite suggestions and comments from the public.

The government should only give that list to enumerators.

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